Daily Current Affairs Notes for 23 December 2022

National Farmers’ Day: December 23 is observed as Farmers’ Day or Kisan Diwas across India.

Overview

National Farmers’ Day or Kisan Diwas 2022

In India, Kisan Divas is another name for National Farmers Day in India. Every year on December 23, the birthdate of Choudhary Charan Singh, the fifth Prime Minister of India, Farmer's Day is observed.

Remembering India's Former Prime Minister, #ChaudharyCharanSingh Ji on his Jayanti.#ChaudharyCharanSingh Ji profoundly fought for the rights of hardworking farmers & worked tirelessly for empowerment of the marginalized people in the society.

Why national farmers day is celebrated?

India is an agricultural nation. The day is observed to recognize and thank all responsible farmers for their contributions to society. Farmers are also the foundation of India's economy and a major factor in rural prosperity.

The majority of India's rural population, which accounts for 20% of the country's GDP, is dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods, making up nearly 50% of the population. Given that India is a nation of villages and agriculture, the tenth Indian government decided to designate Choudhary Charan Singh's birth anniversary as Kisan Diwas in 2001 to honor his contributions to the agricultural industry and the welfare of farmers. Since that time, December 23 has been observed as National Farmers' Day. To raise awareness of the value of farmers and their contribution to the economy, various awareness campaigns and drives are held on this day across the nation.

What is the importance of National Farmer’s Day 2022?

The purpose of National Farmers Day is to honor the commitment and sacrifice of farmers. It is also thought to increase public awareness of the need to protect the social and economic well-being of farmers. On this day, the government focuses on giving farmers the most recent agricultural knowledge so they can boost their yield.

About Chaudhary Charan Singh

As India's fifth prime minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh is remembered for his efforts to improve conditions for farmers all over the nation. He was a pioneer in agriculture and put forth a number of policies to better a lot of Indian farmers. He was born in Noorpur in 1902 to a Jat couple.

Chaudhary During his brief time as the nation's prime minister, Charan Singh toiled tirelessly for the advancement of farmers. Throughout his life, Singh published a number of books in addition:

• Under his direction, the Debt Redemption Bill 1939 was drafted and completed. The bill's purpose was to protect the rural population from moneylenders.
• He led the UP in its efforts to overthrow the Zamindari system while serving as the country's minister of agriculture in 1952.
• He introduced the Land Holding Act, of 1960, which aimed to lower the cap on land holdings and make it consistent across the State.
• On December 23, 1978, he founded the Kisan Trust, an organization that was neither political nor profit-oriented. The trust's mission was to instill a sense of community and anti-injustice sentiment among India's rural population.

List of Miss India winners: Sini Shetty of Karnataka was named Femina Miss India 2022 on July 3, 2022. Here is the list of all the Miss India Winners from 1947 to 2022.

Overview

Miss India winners list: Femina Miss India is one of the most prominent beauty pageants in the country. Winning the title of Miss India is not that easy, as the contestants are tested on the basis of various aspects, including both beauty and brains. Miss India contestants are tested not only for their looks but also to see why they deserve the prestigious title.

Femina Miss India 2022 title at the 58th edition of the beauty contest was won by Sini Shetty from Karnataka on July 3, 2022. She was crowned by the outgoing titleholder Manasa Varanasi at the Jio World Center in Mumbai.

Sini Shetty is 21 years old and holds a Bachelor’s degree in accounting and finance. Currently, she is pursuing a professional course- Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and is also a trained Bharatnatyam Dancer.

Miss India pageant in India

The winner of the first Miss India beauty pageant was Pramila (Esther Victoria Abraham) from Calcutta. She won the title in 1947 and the pageant was organized by the Local Press.

Two Miss India pageants were held later in 1952, Indrani Rehman and Nutan were announced to be the winners of the pageant. Indrani Rehman also later represented India at Miss Universe 1952 which was the inaugural edition of the Miss Universe pageant.

When was the first Femina Miss India?

The first Femina Miss India pageant was held in the year 1964 and Meher Castelino Mistri has crowned the first Femina Miss India.

List of Miss India winners (1947 to 2022)

Year	Names	State
1947	Esther Victoria Abraham (Pramila)	West Bengal
1952	Indrani Rahman	Tamil Nadu
1953	Peace Kanwal	Punjab
1954	Leela Naidu	Maharashtra
1959	Fleur Ezekiel	Maharashtra
1960	Lona Pinto	Maharashtra
1961	Veronica Leonara Torcato	Maharashtra
1962	Ferial Karim	Maharashtra
1964	Meher Castelino Mistri	Maharashtra
1965	Persis Khambatta	Maharashtra
1966	Yamin Daji	Maharashtra
1967	Nayyara Mirza	New Delhi
1968	Anjum Mumtaz Barg	Maharashtra
1969	Kavita Bhambhani	Maharashtra
1970	Veena Sanjani	Maharashtra
1971	Raj Gill	Maharashtra
1972	Roopa Satyan	Maharashtra
1973	Farzana Habib	Maharashtra
1974	Shalini Bhavnath Dholakia	Maharashtra
1975	Meenakshi Kurpad	Maharashtra
1976	Naina Sudhir Balsavar	Uttar Pradesh
1977	Nalini Viswanathan	Tamil Nadu
1978	Alamjeet Kaur Chauhan	Punjab
1979	Swaroop Sampat	Maharashtra
1980	Sangeeta Bijlani	Maharashtra
1981	Rachita Kumar	Maharashtra
1982	Pamela Singh	New Delhi
1983	Rekha Hande	Karnataka
1984	Juhi Chawla	Punjab
1985	Sonu Walia	Punjab
1986	Mehr Jessia	Maharashtra
1987	Priyadarshini Pradhan	Maharashtra
1988	Dolly Minhas	Punjab
1989/1990	Suzanne Sablok	Maharashtra
1991	Christabelle Howie	Tamil Nadu
1992	Madhu Sapre	Maharashtra
1993	Namrata Shirodkar	Maharashtra
1994	Sushmita Sen	New Delhi
1995	Manpreet Brar	New Delhi
1996	Sandhya Chib	Karnataka
1997	Nafisa Joseph	Karnataka
1998	Lymaraina D’ Souza	Karnataka
1999	Gul Pannag	Punjab
2000	Lara Dutta	Karnataka
2001	Celina Jaitley	West Bengal
2002	Neha Dhupia	New Delhi
2003	Nikita Anand	New Delhi
2004	Tanushree Dutta	Jharkhand
2005	Amrita Thapar	Punjab
2006	Neha Kapur	New Delhi
2007	Sarah Jane Dias	Karnataka
2008	Parvathy Omanakuttan	Kerala
2009	Pooja Chopra	Maharashtra
2010	Manasvi Mamgai	Uttarakhand
2011	Kanishtha Dhankar	Haryana
2012	Vanya Mishra	Punjab
2013	Navneet Kaur Dhillon	Punjab
2014	Koyal Rana	New Delhi
2015	Aditi Arya	New Delhi
2016	Priyadarshini Chatterjee	Assam
2017	Manushi Chhillar	Haryana
2018	Anukreethy Vas	Tamil Nadu
2019	Suman Rao	Rajasthan
2021	Manasa Varanasi	Telangana
2022	Sini Shetty	Karnataka

H.R. Keshava Murthy, a senior gamaka exponent, who was honoured with Padma Shri earlier this year, passed away.

Overview

H.R. Keshava Murthy, a senior gamaka exponent, who was honoured with Padma Shri earlier this year, passed away. He was born in a family of gamaka artists. He had his initial training from his father Ramaswamy Shastry. Under the guidance of Venkateshaiah he continued his studies. Over the decades he has presented hundreds of programmes and trained many students. Through his performances, he publicised noted Kannada epics. Hosahalli, his native place, is known for many music talents.

Awards and Honours:

Keshava Murthy has been honored with many awards inlcuding Shantala Natya Shri award, by the State government and different cultural organisations. The President honoured him with the Padma Shri this year. The residents of his village celebrated the occasion.

What is Gamaka?

• Gamaka, also known as kaavya vaachana, is a form of storytelling by singing that originated in Karnataka, India. One person reads a stanza of a poem with highest emphasis on meaning, applying suitable raga or a dhaati (melodic line), usually matching the emotion of the poem; the song generally has no established rhythm.
• Another person then explains the meaning of the stanza with examples and anecdotes. Gamaka draws ragas from Kannada folk music, Yakshagana and Carnatic music. The singing itself is called gamaka and the singer a gamaki. The explanation of the rendering is called vyakyana. The emphasis in kaavya vaachana is on literature (Saahithya) and not on music where singer splits, compounds words in poems to make them easier to understand.

India’s longest escape tunnel, which is 12.89 km long constructed on the 111 km under-construction Banihal-Katra railway line in Jammu and Kashmir was completed by the Indian Railways.

Overview

India’s longest escape tunnel:

The Indian Railways on Thursday completed the construction of a tunnel on a 111-kilometre section of the Udhampur-Katra railway line in Kashmir. The ‘escape tunnel’, which is the longest of its kind in the country, is located at an elevation of 12.89 meters.

According to railway officials, the tunnel was constructed to allow emergency response teams to carry out rescue operations in case of an accident. It passes through various drainages and reservoirs in the Chenab River, including the Khoda, Hingni, and Kundan nullahs making its drilling and construction a challenging task.

The tunnel, which is the fourth on the Banihal-Katra route, was constructed using a modern technique known as the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. It was completed in January this year.

About the escape tunnel:

• The escape tunnel has been constructed to facilitate rescue work if an emergency situation arises. The tunnel is a modified horseshoe shape tunnel connecting the Sumber Station yard on the Southside and Tunnel T-50 after crossing Bridge no.04 over Khoda Nallah on the North side, at Khoda village.
• The tunnel was constructed by the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), which is a modern technique of drill and blast processes.
• The escape tunnel ‘T-13’ has been constructed to facilitate rescue work in case of an emergency.
• This tunnel is a horseshoe shaped tunnel which connects Sumber station yard and tunnel T-50 on the south side after crossing bridge no.04 over Khoda Nala on the north side at Khoda village.
• Tunnel T-49 is a twin tube tunnel comprising the main tunnel (12.75 km) and escape tunnel (12.895 kms) connected with 33 cross-passages.

Longest Tunnels in India – Rail and Road Tunnels:

• Atal Road Tunnel, Himachal Pradesh – Longest High-Altitude Tunnel  (Length: 8800 meters, or 5.5 miles, approximately.)
• Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel, Jammu and Kashmir (Length: 11,215 metres, or 11.22 km.)
• Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Road Tunnel, Jammu and Kashmir (Length: 9280 metres, or 9.34 km.)
• Trivandrum Port Railway Tunnel, Kerala (Length: 9020 metres, or 9.02 km.)
• Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel, Jammu and Kashmir (Length: 8500 meters, or roughly 8.5 km)
• Sangaldan Railway Tunnel, Jammu and Kashmir (Length: 8000 meters, or approximately 8 km.)